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    <title>Living While Dying: An ALS Story</title>
    <link>http://www.mprnews.org/topic/living-with-als</link>
    <description>Bruce Kramer lived a remarkably rich life because of – not despite – an incurable, always fatal disease: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig’s Disease. He was diagnosed with ALS December 6, 2010. While the disease diminished his body, it expanded his life and spirit. He shared that experience with Minnesota Public Radio News host Cathy Wurzer over nearly five year of conversations.</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright 2019 American Public Media</copyright>
    <ttl>60</ttl>
    <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary>Bruce Kramer lived a remarkably rich life because of – not despite – an incurable, always fatal disease: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig’s Disease. He was diagnosed with ALS December 6, 2010. While the disease diminished his body, it expanded his life and spirit. He shared that experience with Minnesota Public Radio News host Cathy Wurzer over nearly five year of conversations.</itunes:summary>
    <itunes:type>episodic</itunes:type>
    <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
    <itunes:image href="https://legacyfeeds.publicradio.org/mpr-news/living-while-dying-an-als-story/tile_1400.jpg"/>
    <itunes:category text="Science"/>
    <itunes:category text="Health &amp; Fitness">
      <itunes:category text="Medicine"/>
    </itunes:category>
    <image>
      <url>https://legacyfeeds.publicradio.org/mpr-news/living-while-dying-an-als-story/tile_1400.jpg</url>
      <title>Living While Dying: An ALS Story</title>
      <link>http://www.mprnews.org/topic/living-with-als</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Songwriter finds inspiration in MPR series on Bruce Kramer</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Los Angeles-based singer/songwriter Anna Schulze was so touched by the "Living While Dying" series that she wrote "Don't You Fade Away," featured on her new album "Pickford Market."]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Los Angeles-based singer/songwriter Anna Schulze was so touched by the "Living While Dying" series that she wrote "Don't You Fade Away," featured on her new album "Pickford Market."]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Los Angeles-based singer/songwriter Anna Schulze was so touched by the "Living While Dying" series that she wrote "Don't You Fade Away," featured on her new album "Pickford Market."]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Los Angeles-based singer/songwriter Anna Schulze was so touched by the "Living While Dying" series that she wrote "Don't You Fade Away," featured on her new album "Pickford Market."]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2016 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="3521060" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/news/features/2016/07/27/160727_wurzer_20160727_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:07:20</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>31. Saying goodbye</title>
      <description><![CDATA[As Bruce Kramer's life nears its end, friends and family gather at his bedside to say goodbye. Cathy Wurzer shares her thoughts on the experience.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[As Bruce Kramer's life nears its end, friends and family gather at his bedside to say goodbye. Cathy Wurzer shares her thoughts on the experience.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[As Bruce Kramer's life nears its end, friends and family gather at his bedside to say goodbye. Cathy Wurzer shares her thoughts on the experience.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[As Bruce Kramer's life nears its end, friends and family gather at his bedside to say goodbye. Cathy Wurzer shares her thoughts on the experience.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Apr 2016 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:13:55</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>30. Tipping point</title>
      <description><![CDATA[As ALS continues to diminish his physical capacity, Bruce Kramer considers when his condition will reach a tipping point. Bruce and his wife Ev rethink Bruce's end of life directives.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[As ALS continues to diminish his physical capacity, Bruce Kramer considers when his condition will reach a tipping point. Bruce and his wife Ev rethink Bruce's end of life directives.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[As ALS continues to diminish his physical capacity, Bruce Kramer considers when his condition will reach a tipping point. Bruce and his wife Ev rethink Bruce's end of life directives.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[As ALS continues to diminish his physical capacity, Bruce Kramer considers when his condition will reach a tipping point. Bruce and his wife Ev rethink Bruce's end of life directives.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Mar 2016 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:16:10</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>29. A love story</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how they fell in love and how their relationship evolved through marriage and ALS.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how they fell in love and how their relationship evolved through marriage and ALS.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how they fell in love and how their relationship evolved through marriage and ALS.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how they fell in love and how their relationship evolved through marriage and ALS.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Jan 2016 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:14:23</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2016/01/lwdlovestory_20160122_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>28. Honesty</title>
      <description><![CDATA[The choir that he once directed visits Bruce Kramer's home at Christmas. He appreciates the frank and honest conversations he can have with friends and family as the end of his life approaches.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The choir that he once directed visits Bruce Kramer's home at Christmas. He appreciates the frank and honest conversations he can have with friends and family as the end of his life approaches.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[The choir that he once directed visits Bruce Kramer's home at Christmas. He appreciates the frank and honest conversations he can have with friends and family as the end of his life approaches.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The choir that he once directed visits Bruce Kramer's home at Christmas. He appreciates the frank and honest conversations he can have with friends and family as the end of his life approaches.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 Jan 2016 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:09:48</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>27. Focus</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer says ALS helped him focus on what is important in life: love and relationships. He also talks about a device he's been using that helps him breathe and the decision to enter hospice.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer says ALS helped him focus on what is important in life: love and relationships. He also talks about a device he's been using that helps him breathe and the decision to enter hospice.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer says ALS helped him focus on what is important in life: love and relationships. He also talks about a device he's been using that helps him breathe and the decision to enter hospice.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer says ALS helped him focus on what is important in life: love and relationships. He also talks about a device he's been using that helps him breathe and the decision to enter hospice.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2015 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="11535121" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/12/lwd_27_20151224_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:24:01</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/12/lwd_27_20151224_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>26. Leadership</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer taught leadership ethics at the University of St. Thomas. He talked to students about how his training as a leader helped him adjust to life with ALS.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer taught leadership ethics at the University of St. Thomas. He talked to students about how his training as a leader helped him adjust to life with ALS.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer taught leadership ethics at the University of St. Thomas. He talked to students about how his training as a leader helped him adjust to life with ALS.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer taught leadership ethics at the University of St. Thomas. He talked to students about how his training as a leader helped him adjust to life with ALS.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Dec 2015 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="3965471" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/12/lwd_26_20151211_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:08:15</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/12/lwd_26_20151211_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>25. Being tested</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer is tired of having the progression of his ALS measured with a number. He has embraced living in the moment.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer is tired of having the progression of his ALS measured with a number. He has embraced living in the moment.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer is tired of having the progression of his ALS measured with a number. He has embraced living in the moment.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer is tired of having the progression of his ALS measured with a number. He has embraced living in the moment.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Dec 2015 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:18:53</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>24. Prepared for ALS</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer tells us that during his childhood, his mother was frequently ill and in the hospital. He says that experience helped prepare him to deal with ALS.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer tells us that during his childhood, his mother was frequently ill and in the hospital. He says that experience helped prepare him to deal with ALS.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer tells us that during his childhood, his mother was frequently ill and in the hospital. He says that experience helped prepare him to deal with ALS.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer tells us that during his childhood, his mother was frequently ill and in the hospital. He says that experience helped prepare him to deal with ALS.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2015 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:09:39</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>23. The stress of caregiving</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how their relationship has evolved as she has taken on the role of caregiver.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how their relationship has evolved as she has taken on the role of caregiver.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how their relationship has evolved as she has taken on the role of caregiver.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson discuss how their relationship has evolved as she has taken on the role of caregiver.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2015 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:11:40</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>22. Teaching doctors</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer felt that the doctor who first told him that he had ALS did not deliver the devastating news with the proper compassion. Bruce decided to go back and give the doctor a critique on his bedside manner in the hope that future patients would have a better experience.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer felt that the doctor who first told him that he had ALS did not deliver the devastating news with the proper compassion. Bruce decided to go back and give the doctor a critique on his bedside manner in the hope that future patients would have a better experience.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer felt that the doctor who first told him that he had ALS did not deliver the devastating news with the proper compassion. Bruce decided to go back and give the doctor a critique on his ...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer felt that the doctor who first told him that he had ALS did not deliver the devastating news with the proper compassion. Bruce decided to go back and give the doctor a critique on his bedside manner in the hope that future patients would have a better experience.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2015 00:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="4865140" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/11/lwd_22_20151106_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:10:08</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/11/lwd_22_20151106_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>21. Wrestling with angels</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about his thoughts on mortality and spirituality. He also has an encounter with the Dalai Lama which makes him think about what it means to be blessed.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about his thoughts on mortality and spirituality. He also has an encounter with the Dalai Lama which makes him think about what it means to be blessed.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about his thoughts on mortality and spirituality. He also has an encounter with the Dalai Lama which makes him think about what it means to be blessed.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about his thoughts on mortality and spirituality. He also has an encounter with the Dalai Lama which makes him think about what it means to be blessed.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="7022029" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/lwd_21_20151030_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:14:37</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/lwd_21_20151030_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>20. Life becomes quieter</title>
      <description><![CDATA[As ALS takes its toll on his body, Bruce Kramer decides that the time and energy required to go out and see friends is too great. Now, if people want to see him, they need to come to Bruce. And life at home becomes quieter.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[As ALS takes its toll on his body, Bruce Kramer decides that the time and energy required to go out and see friends is too great. Now, if people want to see him, they need to come to Bruce. And life at home becomes quieter.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[As ALS takes its toll on his body, Bruce Kramer decides that the time and energy required to go out and see friends is too great. Now, if people want to see him, they need to come to Bruce. And lif...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[As ALS takes its toll on his body, Bruce Kramer decides that the time and energy required to go out and see friends is too great. Now, if people want to see him, they need to come to Bruce. And life at home becomes quieter.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Oct 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="6395297" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/lwd_20_20151023_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:13:19</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/lwd_20_20151023_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>19. Embracing loss</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and Matthew of Mind/Body Solutions speak at an event at the University of St. Thomas. They talk about how all of our bodies are breaking down. They say it's important to embrace that reality rather than fight it.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and Matthew of Mind/Body Solutions speak at an event at the University of St. Thomas. They talk about how all of our bodies are breaking down. They say it's important to embrace that reality rather than fight it.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and Matthew of Mind/Body Solutions speak at an event at the University of St. Thomas. They talk about how all of our bodies are breaking down. They say it's important to embrace that r...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer and Matthew of Mind/Body Solutions speak at an event at the University of St. Thomas. They talk about how all of our bodies are breaking down. They say it's important to embrace that reality rather than fight it.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>00:20:28</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/lwd_19_20151016_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>18. The peanut gallery</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer responds to a series of articles in the New York Times which argue that suicide is a logical choice at the end of life. He also talks about the decision to surgically-install a device which helps him breathe and whether that decision was a way of denying his inevitable death.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer responds to a series of articles in the New York Times which argue that suicide is a logical choice at the end of life. He also talks about the decision to surgically-install a device which helps him breathe and whether that decision was a way of denying his inevitable death.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer responds to a series of articles in the New York Times which argue that suicide is a logical choice at the end of life. He also talks about the decision to surgically-install a device ...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer responds to a series of articles in the New York Times which argue that suicide is a logical choice at the end of life. He also talks about the decision to surgically-install a device which helps him breathe and whether that decision was a way of denying his inevitable death.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="9310141" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/lwd_18_20151009_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:19:23</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/lwd_18_20151009_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>17. Paper cuts</title>
      <description><![CDATA[In the fall of 2013, the losses of ALS - or paper cuts, as Bruce called them - kept coming.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In the fall of 2013, the losses of ALS - or paper cuts, as Bruce called them - kept coming.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In the fall of 2013, the losses of ALS - or paper cuts, as Bruce called them - kept coming.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the fall of 2013, the losses of ALS - or paper cuts, as Bruce called them - kept coming.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="6650023" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/kramer_20151002_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:13:51</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/10/kramer_20151002_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>16. Two pictures</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Two recent photographs of Bruce Kramer illustrate his frame of mind. In one, he didn't recognize himself at first and then saw what he calls the "ALS look." In another you see his pure joy at becoming a grandfather for the first time.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Two recent photographs of Bruce Kramer illustrate his frame of mind. In one, he didn't recognize himself at first and then saw what he calls the "ALS look." In another you see his pure joy at becoming a grandfather for the first time.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Two recent photographs of Bruce Kramer illustrate his frame of mind. In one, he didn't recognize himself at first and then saw what he calls the "ALS look." In another you see his pure joy at becom...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Two recent photographs of Bruce Kramer illustrate his frame of mind. In one, he didn't recognize himself at first and then saw what he calls the "ALS look." In another you see his pure joy at becoming a grandfather for the first time.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Sep 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="5506700" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/09/lwd_16_20150925_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:11:28</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>15. bucket list?</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer faced some important decisions as his ALS progressed. He contemplated whether he should get a diaphragmatic pacing system which would help him breathe. And he wondered about the value of checking things off a "bucket list."]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer faced some important decisions as his ALS progressed. He contemplated whether he should get a diaphragmatic pacing system which would help him breathe. And he wondered about the value of checking things off a "bucket list."]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer faced some important decisions as his ALS progressed. He contemplated whether he should get a diaphragmatic pacing system which would help him breathe. And he wondered about the value ...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer faced some important decisions as his ALS progressed. He contemplated whether he should get a diaphragmatic pacing system which would help him breathe. And he wondered about the value of checking things off a "bucket list."]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="6936538" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/09/lwd_15_20150918_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:14:27</itunes:duration>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>14. drug trial ethics</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer believed that researchers need to rethink the way they test new drugs on ALS patients like him. He argued that the double-blind testing model doesn't work for a devastating fatal illness like ALS. In this episode of Living While Dying, we also hear from a bio-ethicist about the decision to deny some patients access to an experimental drug.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer believed that researchers need to rethink the way they test new drugs on ALS patients like him. He argued that the double-blind testing model doesn't work for a devastating fatal illness like ALS. In this episode of Living While Dying, we also hear from a bio-ethicist about the decision to deny some patients access to an experimental drug.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer believed that researchers need to rethink the way they test new drugs on ALS patients like him. He argued that the double-blind testing model doesn't work for a devastating fatal illne...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer believed that researchers need to rethink the way they test new drugs on ALS patients like him. He argued that the double-blind testing model doesn't work for a devastating fatal illness like ALS. In this episode of Living While Dying, we also hear from a bio-ethicist about the decision to deny some patients access to an experimental drug.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="7430576" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/09/lwd_14_20150911_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:15:28</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/09/lwd_14_20150911_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>13. teaching doctors</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer helps medical students understand the patient's point of view. He has advice about how doctors should deliver bad news.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer helps medical students understand the patient's point of view. He has advice about how doctors should deliver bad news.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer helps medical students understand the patient's point of view. He has advice about how doctors should deliver bad news.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer helps medical students understand the patient's point of view. He has advice about how doctors should deliver bad news.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="5795518" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/09/lwd_13_20150904_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:12:04</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/09/lwd_13_20150904_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>12. Adaptive yoga</title>
      <description><![CDATA[After being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer learned to appreciate the value of yoga. He found it to be a freeing and emotional experience. It helped Bruce reconnect with parts of his body that were affected by the disease.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[After being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer learned to appreciate the value of yoga. He found it to be a freeing and emotional experience. It helped Bruce reconnect with parts of his body that were affected by the disease.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[After being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer learned to appreciate the value of yoga. He found it to be a freeing and emotional experience. It helped Bruce reconnect with parts of his body that wer...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[After being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer learned to appreciate the value of yoga. He found it to be a freeing and emotional experience. It helped Bruce reconnect with parts of his body that were affected by the disease.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="5995296" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_12_20150828_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:12:29</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_12_20150828_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>11. spirituality</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer reflects on how having ALS has affected his belief in God. He says it has not shaken his faith. He thinks ALS proves that there is something greater than us.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer reflects on how having ALS has affected his belief in God. He says it has not shaken his faith. He thinks ALS proves that there is something greater than us.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer reflects on how having ALS has affected his belief in God. He says it has not shaken his faith. He thinks ALS proves that there is something greater than us.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer reflects on how having ALS has affected his belief in God. He says it has not shaken his faith. He thinks ALS proves that there is something greater than us.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="4633583" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_11_20150821_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:09:39</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_11_20150821_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>10. Drug trial disappointment</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer participated in a drug trial to determine if Dexpramipexole could slow the progression of ALS. Kramer felt the drug was working for him and was frustrated when the trial was terminated.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer participated in a drug trial to determine if Dexpramipexole could slow the progression of ALS. Kramer felt the drug was working for him and was frustrated when the trial was terminated.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer participated in a drug trial to determine if Dexpramipexole could slow the progression of ALS. Kramer felt the drug was working for him and was frustrated when the trial was terminated.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer participated in a drug trial to determine if Dexpramipexole could slow the progression of ALS. Kramer felt the drug was working for him and was frustrated when the trial was terminated.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="4845932" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_10_20150814_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:10:05</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_10_20150814_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>9. Christmas reflections</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Two years since being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer re-evaluates his priorities. As Christmas approaches, he has the time and solitude to appreciate the season more than ever.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Two years since being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer re-evaluates his priorities. As Christmas approaches, he has the time and solitude to appreciate the season more than ever.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Two years since being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer re-evaluates his priorities. As Christmas approaches, he has the time and solitude to appreciate the season more than ever.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Two years since being diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer re-evaluates his priorities. As Christmas approaches, he has the time and solitude to appreciate the season more than ever.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="5951391" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_9_20150807_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:12:23</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/08/lwd_9_20150807_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>8. An Early Retirement</title>
      <description><![CDATA[People who've been hit hard by a very serious health challenge wrestle with a lot of questions right after their diagnosis. One of them is, "can I, should I, keep working?" Bruce Kramer talks about his battle with this question.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[People who've been hit hard by a very serious health challenge wrestle with a lot of questions right after their diagnosis. One of them is, "can I, should I, keep working?" Bruce Kramer talks about his battle with this question.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[People who've been hit hard by a very serious health challenge wrestle with a lot of questions right after their diagnosis. One of them is, "can I, should I, keep working?" Bruce Kramer talks about...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[People who've been hit hard by a very serious health challenge wrestle with a lot of questions right after their diagnosis. One of them is, "can I, should I, keep working?" Bruce Kramer talks about his battle with this question.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="4742024" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_8_20150731_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:09:52</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_8_20150731_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>7. Questioning science</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about participating in a drug trial, and how it led him to question the bureaucracy of the medical care system.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about participating in a drug trial, and how it led him to question the bureaucracy of the medical care system.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about participating in a drug trial, and how it led him to question the bureaucracy of the medical care system.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer talks about participating in a drug trial, and how it led him to question the bureaucracy of the medical care system.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="3351892" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/kramer7_20150724_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:06:58</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/kramer7_20150724_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>6. Shedding skins</title>
      <description><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer describes how he adjusts mentally to the changes in his physical capabilities brought on by the progression of ALS. He likens it to a snake shedding skins.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer describes how he adjusts mentally to the changes in his physical capabilities brought on by the progression of ALS. He likens it to a snake shedding skins.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer describes how he adjusts mentally to the changes in his physical capabilities brought on by the progression of ALS. He likens it to a snake shedding skins.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Bruce Kramer describes how he adjusts mentally to the changes in his physical capabilities brought on by the progression of ALS. He likens it to a snake shedding skins.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="5067192" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_6_20150717_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:10:33</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_6_20150717_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>5. A wife becomes a caregiver</title>
      <description><![CDATA[A conversation with Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson about their evolving relationship. As his ALS progresses, she is becoming a caregiver.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[A conversation with Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson about their evolving relationship. As his ALS progresses, she is becoming a caregiver.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[A conversation with Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson about their evolving relationship. As his ALS progresses, she is becoming a caregiver.]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A conversation with Bruce Kramer and his wife Ev Emerson about their evolving relationship. As his ALS progresses, she is becoming a caregiver.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="6643328" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_5_20150710_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:13:50</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_5_20150710_64.mp3</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>4. Being a teacher</title>
      <description><![CDATA[When he was diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer was a dean and professor in the University of St. Thomas School of Education. As the disease weakened his body, it made teaching more difficult. It also helped him focus on what was important in his professional life.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[When he was diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer was a dean and professor in the University of St. Thomas School of Education. As the disease weakened his body, it made teaching more difficult. It also helped him focus on what was important in his professional life.]]></content:encoded>
      <itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[When he was diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer was a dean and professor in the University of St. Thomas School of Education. As the disease weakened his body, it made teaching more difficult. It also...]]></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary><![CDATA[When he was diagnosed with ALS, Bruce Kramer was a dean and professor in the University of St. Thomas School of Education. As the disease weakened his body, it made teaching more difficult. It also helped him focus on what was important in his professional life.]]></itunes:summary>
      <itunes:author>Minnesota Public Radio</itunes:author>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2015 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <enclosure length="4937207" type="audio/mpeg" url="https://play.publicradio.org/rss/d/podcast/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_4_20150703_64.mp3"/>
      <itunes:duration>00:10:17</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">/minnesota/podcasts/living-while-dying/2015/07/lwd_4_20150703_64.mp3</guid>
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